You can create these shaders in the SHOP. Environment includes atmosphere nodes and background nodes.

Atmosphere

There are two types of atmosphere in Arnold, fog, and atmosphere_volume. Fog simulates the effect of light scattering, which causes more distant objects to appear lower in contrast, especially in outdoor environments. Atmosphere_volume simulates light scattered by a thin, uniform atmosphere. It produces shafts of light and volumetric shadows cast from geometric objects. 

It is not possible to render both fog and atmosphere_volume in the same scene.

Fog used for under water effect
atmosphere_volume used to simulate rays of sunlight

Background

Background nodes include the sky shader, but a flat could also be assigned here. 

Adding An Environment to a Scene

To add some atmosphere or background to a scene, first, create a shader in the SHOP. Double click to enter the VEX Builder and Tab-type (Custom > Fog / Atmosphere Volume / Sky). Connect the output of the atmosphere nodes to the atmosphere parameter of the environment output node and the sky node to the background parameter.

atmosphere_volume & background -> OUT_environment inside an Arnold Shader Network

 

In the Main tab of a Render Output, connect the required shaders to the environment parameter.

  

 

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