Operators

Operators allow advanced users to override any part of an Arnold scene and modify the Arnold universe at render time. Probably one of the most common use cases is to override parameters (e.g. shaders) inside a procedural (e.g. ASS or Alembic). To achieve this you must know the Arnold node and parameter names defined inside the procedural.

 

Operator nodes perform per-object (node) parameter assignments and overrides, including late-bindings and deferred overrides on procedurally generated nodes. Operators can also create nodes (MaterialX) and carry out general scene inspection and modifications.

Some Operators provide a selection parameter which determines, using a wildcard expression, what nodes are processed by the operator. This is discussed in more detail in the section on selection expressions below.

Operators can be chained together in an operator graph which is evaluated from a given target operator. Multiple disconnected operator graphs can exist in the scene, where only the graph connected to the target operator will be evaluated for rendering.  

 

Selection Expressions

An operator can use a selection to determine what nodes will be selected to be processed by the operator at render time. The selection is an expression that can consist of multiple selections concatenated by:

• or (union)
• and (intersection)
• not (negation)
• and not (exclusion)
• () for nested scoping

 

Each selection uses glob and regex expression to determine if an operator processes a given node, where a node will be processed by the operator if the expression matches the node name. By default glob matching is used unless the selection is in a regex quote, i.e. r'[regex]'.

• (/group0/sphere* and not (/group0/sphere1 or /group0/sphere0)) or /group1/sphere3
• not r'p(ickle|ringle)[0-9]+'
• r'c(ar1|ar2)' or r'car[34]'

Parameter Matching

Selections can also be used to match parameter names and values on the selected nodes, including the node entry name, type, and derived type. This is done using a parameter dot-delimiter .() on each node selection string. The following example selection matches all nodes named 'sphere' which have a 'radius' parameter.

• sphere.(radius)

 

Comparators can be used to match certain parameter values. The following selection matches all nodes whose name starts with 'sphere' and have a 'radius' larger than 0.5.

• sphere*.(radius > 0.5)




The parameter matching also supports concatenation and glob/regex, e.g.

• car*.((make == 'fiat' and year > 2010) or tinted_glass == True) or drone*.(battery_level >= 20)
• plane*.(model == 'A3*' and captain == r'B(ob|ryan)')

Arrays and Multi-Value Parameters

Arrays and multi-value parameter such as vectors, RGB, etc. are matched using square brackets. If an array has a single value or if the array consists of single numbers then only one set of square brackets is necessary.

• *.(rgb_array == [[1 2 3][4 5 6]])

• *.(float_array == [10.0 20.0 30.0])

• *.(velocity >= [1.0 1.0 1.0])

• *.(my_matrix == [1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6])

String Literals

Matching parameters of type string, enum and node requires string literals, e.g.

• *.(some_string == '*value*')
• *.(transform_type == 'rotate_about_center')
• *.(shader == 'purple_shader')
• *.(shader == 'yellow_*')


 

Note: The value will be treated as a parameter reference if the string quotes are omitted (see below).

Parameter Array Indices

It is possible to match specific array indices in array and multi-value parameters. Square brackets are not necessary when matching a single value.

• *.(accessories[3] == 'monkey fists')
• *.(my_rgb[1] == 1.0)
• *.(rgb_array[1] >= [0 0 0])
• *.(float_array[1] == 20.0)
• *.(rgb_array[1]) # checks if the entry exists 

Matching Parameter References

Commonly, the node already has some arbitrary user parameters coming from e.g. a simulation or even another operator.

It is possible to match other node parameters of the same type, e.g.

• *.(radius <= some_float_param)
• *.(my_rgb == some_rgb_param)

 

Node parameters can match single string values, e.g. to match a shader based on a user string parameter

• *.(shader == some_string)

 

We can also match parameters on other nodes, where the syntax is #node_name.param_name1[.param_nameN]

• *.(model == #some_node.model)
• *.(year == #some_node.some_int)
• *.(year == #some_node.node_array[0].year)

• *.(my_rgb == #some_node.some_rgb)

 

It can be useful to match values on parameters that are linked to the node. Shaders are a common example, where the value can also refer to other parameters

• *.(shader.base == 0.8)
• *.(shader.base_color == [1 1 0])
• *.(shader[0].base_color.filename == '*plate*')
• *.(shader[0].base_color.filename == #some_node.tex_name)