Class
Camera
Synopsis
This camera node provides a perspective view, like a regular camera. This is the 'standard' camera type that you will probably use most often. In addition to a normal perspective, this camera type also provides controls for the depth of field, and the focal length of the camera, as well as controls, to do with the aperture of the camera. This allows various camera lens effects, including bokeh, to be simulated.
enable_dof
Enables depth of field effects.
|
|
|
Disabled
|
Enabled
|
fov
Controls the field of view.plane_distance
If enabled, the Z-depth and near/far clip are computed from the camera plane. They are computed from the camera point if disabled.focus_distance
This is the distance at which objects appear in perfect focus, for a non-zero aperture value.
|
|
|
|
6
|
8
|
10
|
flat_field_focus
This parameter matches the standard thin lens camera model. This prevents over blurring away from the optical axis. Some renders might change, especially with wide FOV angles or very shallow DOF. Setpersp_camera.flat_field_focus false to get the previous behavior.aperture_size
The radius of the aperture in world units. The smaller the aperture, the sharper the images (shallower depth of field). In the limit, a size of zero produces no depth of field blurring.
|
|
|
|
0.1
|
0.2
|
0.3
|
aperture_blades
A number of blades (or polygon sides) of the polygonal aperture. 0 is considered a circle aperture
|
|
|
|
3
|
5
|
7
|
aperture_rotation
Rotates the aperture by the specified number of degrees.
|
|
|
|
0 (default)
|
15
|
30
|
aperture_blade_curvature
The curvature of the polygonal aperture sides. A value of 0 means hard straight sides. Increasing this value results in progressively more curved edges, all the way to 1.0 which produces a perfect disk. Negative values produce a "pinched" or star-shaped aperture.
|
|
|
0
|
1
|
aperture_aspect_ratio
Values bigger than one produce an elongated defocusing effect, reminiscent of an anamorphic lens, while a value less than one will squash it.
|
|
|
|
0
|
1 (default)
|
10
|
uv_remap
This parameter takes a 2D displacement image and uses it to distort the rendered output of the camera's lens. The left image below has been rendered using a colored ramp connected to the UV Remap attribute. In the right image, the same ramp texture has been distorted in a 2d image post-processing software package.
|
|
|
UV Remap
|
Remap image has been distorted
|
When using uv_remap you should use the image shader's 'image.swrap clamp' and 'image.twrap clamp' attributes to minimize edge effects due to filtering.
position
The position of the camera. (common)
look_at
The point at which the camera is pointing. (common)
up
The up vector of the camera. (common)
matrix
Matrix to define the position and orientation of the camera. (common)
near_clip
The near clipping plane of the camera's renderable area. (common)
far_clip
The far clipping plane of the camera's renderable area. (common)
shutter_start
Defines when the camera shutter is open. Rays will have a time randomly assigned between shutter_start and shutter_end. It is recommended that this time be frame-relative, that is if the current frame (set on the global options) is 1001, then shutter_start can be -0.25 to signify a shutter opening one-quarter frame before the actual frame marker passes, while shutter_end would be 0.25 to close the shutter one-quarter frame after the frame passes. This would be centered motion blur. Other typical shutter values would be from 0.0 to 0.5 (lead-out motion blur), or even -0.5 to 0.0 (lead-in motion blur). The shutter range of the camera can be defined by changing the shutter_start and shutter_end parameters. The value range should use the same time reference as the motion times. The default shutter_start of 0 and shutter_end of 1 means a full camera shutter range equivalent to the default motion blur range. A smaller range (0.0-0.5) will decrease the effective shutter aperture time and only show the first half of the motion.
shutter_end
Defines when the camera shutter is closed. Please see shutter_start for a detailed description of shutter semantics. shutter_end must be larger than or equal to shutter_start. If they are the same, this will ensure no motion blur is generated. (common)
shutter_type
The filtering applied to time samples. By default, this is a box filter, with all time samples having the same weight. A triangle (or "tent") filter is also available which produces smoother trails. Arnold supports custom shutter shapes with the shutter curve camera parameter. You can define as many points as required. Coordinates increase from 0 (corresponding to the shutter_start) to 1 (corresponding to the shutter_end). Values in the vertical axis must be non-negative, and it is not recommended to enter values above 1. The values are linearly interpolated between each point. In the examples below, you can see the effect different curve shapes have on the motion blur trail of a sphere that has been key-framed moving from left to right. Various custom camera shutter curve shapes
rolling_shutter
Rolling Shutter is used to simulate the type of rolling shutter effect seen in footage shot with digital cameras that use CMOS-based sensors such as Blackmagics, Alexas, REDs, and even iPhones. This method is implemented by rolling (moving) the shutter across the camera area instead of the entire image area all at the same time.
Without rolling shutter (rollover image).
With rolling shutter (rollover image). The Rolling Shutter direction specifies the direction that the rolling shutter takes place. The default is 'off'' and can be set to 'top' (top to bottom being the most common scanning direction), 'bottom', 'left' or 'right'. Interesting effects can be achieved when combining motion blur 'length' with rolling shutter: Motion blur 'length' from 0 to 2
filtermap
Weights the camera sample by a scalar amount defined by the shader linked to the filtermap. This shader will use as an input, u,v coordinates in image-space coords [0,1) and x,y in pixel coordinates. This allows you to darken certain regions of the image, perfect to simulate vignetting effects. There is an optimization in place where if the filter returns pure black then the camera ray is not fired. This can help in cases such as when rendering with the fisheye camera where, depending on its autocrop setting, parts of the frame trace no rays at all. Circular ramp mapped to the camera's filtermap to create a vignette effect
handedness
Chooses the "right" handed or "left" handed coordinate system. (common)
screen_window_min
This defines the 2d window in the projection plane that will be rendered. If set to its default (-1,-1) (1,1) the frame will exactly match with the defined region, after taking aspect_ratio into account so that there is no distortion. These should be set if you want to stretch, squash, or zoom to a particular area in an image. (common)
screen_window_max
This defines the 2d window in the projection plane that will be rendered. If set to its default (-1,-1) (1,1) the frame will exactly match with the defined region, after taking aspect_ratio into account so that there is no distortion. These should be set if you want to stretch, squash, or zoom to a particular area in an image. (common)
exposure
Simulates the effect of camera exposure (in a non-physical way). Increasing this parameter by a value of one gives you one stop up (doubles the brightness).
|
|
|
|
-2
|
0 (default)
|
2
|
radial_distortion
Radial distortion, with negative and positive values resulting in pincushion and barrel distortion respectively. Real-world lenses can show such distortion when using, for example, a very short focal length or a high zoom.
|
|
|
|
-0.1 (pillow distortion)
|
0 (no distortion)
|
0.3 (barrel distortion)
|
Radial Distortion (-1.3 to 1)
A 'barrel distortion' camera lens effect has been reproduced in the interior scene below, by simply increasing the Radial Distortion to 0.2 (rollover image).
Rollover image
lens_tilt_angle
|
|
|
|
-30
|
0 (default)
|
30
|
Horizontal
|
|
|
|
-30
|
0 (default)
|
30
|
Vertical
vertical lens_tilt_angle: 0 to 15
lens_shift
Shifts the lens position. This is useful to recenter the subject after using tilt. The shift is given in normalized screen coordinates: +1 will move the frame center to the right or bottom edge. Note that lens shift will affect the render in a different way than screen_window, notably with distortions or vignetting since one is a lens effect and the other just selects the part of the rendered image that will be output.
|
|
|
|
-0.5
|
0 (default)
|
0.5
|
Horizontal
|
|
|
|
-0.5
|
0 (default)
|
0.5
|
Vertical
radial_distortion_type
A lens radial distortion compatible with the 3ds Max physical camera. It is selectable through persp_camera.radial_distortion_type cubic_inverse. The classic cubic type is still the default.
|
|
|
Cubic (default)
|
Cubic Inverse
|